Security testing involves various methods used to find vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and threats in software, systems, and networks. The primary goal is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data and functions.

Core Assessment Methods

• Vulnerability Assessment: This process uses automated scanning tools and manual analysis to identify known vulnerabilities in software and networks. It provides a high-level overview of potential risks and helps prioritize patches and other fixes.
• Penetration Testing (Pen Testing): This is a simulated cyberattack where ethical hackers attempt to exploit vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access. It actively tests a system’s defenses by mimicking the actions of a real-world attacker.
• Security Auditing: A comprehensive review of an organization’s security policies, procedures, and controls. This audit ensures that security measures align with industry standards and best practices.

Design and Code Analysis

• Code Review: Also known as static analysis, this involves examining an application’s source code to find insecure coding practices, security flaws, and potential threats before the software is deployed.
• Security Architecture Review: This review assesses an application’s underlying design to ensure that security controls are properly integrated from the ground up.

Specific Testing Techniques

• Fuzz Testing (Fuzzing): This technique involves sending a high volume of random, invalid, or unexpected data to an application to uncover bugs, crashes, and other vulnerabilities related to poor input handling.
• Web Application Testing: This focuses on identifying common web-based flaws:
  • SQL Injection (SQLi): Detects vulnerabilities that could allow an attacker to manipulate a database by inserting malicious SQL commands into input fields.
  • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Finds flaws that let attackers inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users.
  • Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): Identifies vulnerabilities where attackers could trick an authenticated user into performing unintended actions.

Access Control and Data Security

• Authentication & Authorization Testing: Ensures that mechanisms for verifying user identity (authentication) and granting permissions (authorization) are secure and prevent unauthorized access.
• Session Management Testing: Assesses how the application handles user sessions to ensure session data is secure and properly terminated, preventing session hijacking.
• Encryption Testing: Verifies that sensitive data is securely encrypted both when it is stored and while it is being transmitted.

Platform-Specific Testing

• Mobile Application Security Testing: Focuses on vulnerabilities unique to mobile apps, such as insecure data storage on the device, unsecured communications, and data leakage.
• IoT Security Testing: Evaluates the security of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and their communication channels to prevent them from being compromised.